3 wire computer fan wiring diagram

Answer I am going to measure the speed of 3 wired fan by applying varying PWM with arduino. The speed of the fan can be controlled by PWM to any speed you want. As you look from the key-side of the connector, number 1 is the most left: Yes you can. Meaning more pulses = more "on time" power to the fan, meaning it can reach faster speeds. Question. There are also fans that even with 0% duty cycle, they keep on running at this 'LOW' speed. Anyway, let's see what's inside a PC fan: It is more than obvious that the PC fan is not rotated from a simple DC motor. During the disassembling, i broke some parts of the housing and a fin. No matter what color the cable has, it will be plugged in the same motherboard connector! This is usually done on a special PWM capable pin on the arduino. Finally, this guide is intended to be used as a general overview of common condenser unit wiring schematics. I do not know why anyone would do this! Four models cover both volt and volt applications from 1/6 through 3/4 HP. Be sure the antenna is positioned securely, so it can not interfere with the ceiling fan motor. How to Eliminate 2 Run Capacitors! If it rotates, then no problem! ... 4 Wire and 3 Wire CONDENSER FAN MOTOR WIRING! This is the most modern type of PC fan. In this article, i will explain the basic and most common fan type. It's important to note, that if you are using PWM, you'll need to use a stable PWM frequency, and time the reading of the sensor pin during the PWM on cycle, as the Hall effect sensor gets it's power from the same source as the fan coils. So wait, I can control it using PWM? See what pulses where?Thanks! In this post, we have told that 4 wires come out in the Cooler motor, the Common wire is Blue.The Black wire is of High speed.The Red Wire is Medium Speed.And finally, Yellow wire Slow Speed which has the lowest speed. Schematic showing defrost termination/fan delay switch. A transistor (fet) is placed before the coils. (Separate 20 AMP circuit and 12 GA. wire for Model , MX.) This is to give you an idea about the principle of operation of the PC PWM Fans (as used to be called). A site-reader sent me a link from Intel (click) which definitely shows that a 4-wire fan can be connected to a 3-pin connector, so i suppose that this is the norm i was looking for. The motherboard will normally read the rpm feedback from the fan tacho. (Too high a voltage or current, and you'll let the magic blue smoke escape). 7. Only two wires comes out out of the fan controller, the positive and the negative. The 3-wire fan powers the Hall sensor and the controller from the same line that the coils are powered. The 3-wire fan powers the Hall sensor and the controller from the same line that the coils are powered. DIAGRAM NEEDING ONE. Thus, instead of using the colors to distinguish the function, better go with the connector that is standard. Giving power to the fan, it will rotate at full speed. The circuit in the fan detects when the magnet in the motor passes a sensor, and each time it pulls the sense wire to 0V. There are several reasons that a brushless motor should be used, among them is the reliability, the power efficiency and the rpm feedback. Arduino can do PWM at 5v which isn't enough for the 12v fan. 7 years ago. Those with a 2-pin connector, those with a 3-pin connector and those with a 4-pin connector. Couldn't I use Arduino to detect that HIGH and somehow find out the frequency? Hope that was helpful in some way. A very common type of PC fan. Wiring Diagram A: Azure��� Harness Connections.MARS multi-horsepower direct drive furnace blower motors are ideal for truck stock. Ceiling Fan 3 Wire Capacitor Wiring Diagram. Ceiling Fan 2 Wire Capacitor Wiring Diagram��� wiring diagram is a simplified standard pictorial representation of an electrical circuit.It shows the components of the circuit as simplified shapes, and the facility and signal associates together with the devices. The forums are retiring in 2021 and are now closed for new topics and comments. As long as the motor is concerned, i suppose that all PC fans use brushless motors. So I got a couple of 12v PC fans. Refer to Figure 2. I suppose that the fan i chosen (and maybe many others) are NOT to be disassembled and re-assembled. No matter how may fans i tested, and no matter how many sites i visited, i found no clue that this configuration will fail. So the motor type would not be the proper way to categorize PC fans. 21 Posts Related to Ceiling Fan 2 Wire Capacitor Wiring Diagram. Anyway, what you only have to do is to test it. This output generates 2 pulses per one revolution of a fan. Hallo FoamboardRC:I was looking this post is 2 years old.. So you just take whatever number you get and divide it by 2?And you can't control it with PWM and view the sensor results at the same time?? Although the connector is larger, the keys of the 4-wire fan have the same distance as the 3-wire connector. 4 Wire Ceiling Fan Switch Wiring Diagram | Free Wiring Diagram The fan will operate at full speed all the time, as the 4th wire from the PWM control will be on air. The first two wires are the power supply of the fan. RECOMMENDED WIRE SIZES: 8-10 GA: FAN POWER AND GROUND. This is usually done in critical applications that even if the external controller fails to operate, the internal fan controller will bypass the signal and will keep the fan running. Also, the keys are the same for both connectors. Still i did not find any way of easy disassembling. Instead, i will categorize them with the most obvious characteristic: their connector. You would need a scope to actually look at them, but any logic IC or microcontroller should be able to read them properly. Ceiling Fan Wiring Diagram 5 Wire Capacitor The third wire, comes directly from the output of the Hall sensor. Skinnerz has the correct answer; 2 wire fans are just power connections3 wire fans have an extra OUTPUT from the fan to tell the (generally motherboard) what speed the fan is turning.4 wire fans have that same output as 3-wire fans, but also a PWM input pin that you can drive with a regular old pwm output pin from an arduino (or motherboard). Thick of it like a switch, when it's on, the fan receives power and spins, when it's off, it starts to slow down, a modulated series of pulses turn on and off the fan to reach the desired speed. Thanks a lot Mysteron347. Red wire ceiling fan wiring- 7 diagrams for wiring a fan | SM Tech 16-18 GA: ALL OTHERS. PAGE 3 HAYDEN 3647 87 87b 86 85 30 Mini Relay Connections View from Bottom If the PWM Duty cycle is bellow a threshold value, then the fan either shuts down, or it remains in a stable 'LOW" rpm. You can also use White wire instead of Yellow wire, which is the same color code in most Coolers.. YOU CAN WATCH HERE THE FULL DETAIL WITH DIAGRAM TO WIRE A COOLER ��� For a visual picture of typical wiring configurations, reference the following guide: HVAC Condenser Fan Motor Wiring Diagram. The frequency of the output is twice the speed of the fan. 3. The red cable goes to the positive of the power supply and the black to the negative. These fans introduced the "tacho" for the first time. They have a black wire, a red, and and yellow. How you measured the RPM with Arduino ?? There are actually 3 different types of PC fans. For example, if you ran the arduino on 3.3V instead of 5V, you could replace the 10K pull-up with a 5.6K resistor. A wiring diagram is a simplified traditional pictorial depiction of an electrical circuit. An alternative method that should yield more reliable results is to use a digital potentiometer such as the AD5144A from Analog Devices. First of all i had to disassemble the fan. Yes, 2 or 3 wire fans can be controlled using basic PWM. Some condenser fan motors wire to a circuit board while others use proprietary plugs for their connectors. Thus, if someone tries to send PWM pulses to the coils of a 3-wire fan, the same pulses will arrive at the controller. Just be sure to connect the pull-up resistor to the arduinos 5V supply, and not to the 24V for the fan. There could be a manufacturer though that maybe felt like making something different, and either he removed this resistor or replaced the FET with different channel than normal. Yes, the RPM is half the output frequency.PWM is applied to the +12V power line, and the output is on the extra wire, so if your code allows it, you can read the RPM and apply PWM simultaneously. 7 years ago. Unlike the 3-wire fans, the 4-wire fans have a slight change that eliminates this problem. This change can be seen in the internal diagram of a typical 4-wire fan: Usually, the diagram is more complicated than this. What do you mean by if you pull it up to 5v you will see two pulses per cycle? [reply @ Jaroslav Kolinsky - Jarda OK1MKX]. If you pull that pin up to 5V, you will see two pulses per cycle of the fan. If you notice the pinout of the fans, the 3 first pins are the same for the 3 and 4 wire fans. Let's see them one by one: These are the oldest and most simple PC fans. This fan is designed to be controlled with a PWM signal and increase or decrease its RPM. Now, i am not quite sure about the internal connectivity of the 4-wire fans. The controller will then malfunction, because it needs constant current to operate. In one end of the connector the fan is connected in parallel with the 12V (YELLOW - BLACK). ?Thanks!Oh, one more question, you can't control it with PWM and view the sensor results at the same time?? wire is wired in series with the defrost termination solenoid in the timer. The circuit in the fan detects when the magnet in the motor passes a sensor, and each time it pulls the sense wire to 0V. Refer to the Wiring Diagram in Figure 3. Then i will explain some other common fans. It shows the components of the circuit as streamlined forms, and also the power and signal links between the gadgets. Yes, 2 or 3 wire fans can be controlled using basic PWM. So,as you look from the key-side of the connector, number 1 is the most left pin. As for the pinout... Just do not trust the colors. The internal diagram of a typical two-wire fan is as follows: The connector of a 2-wire fan has a red and a black cable. I haven't used an arduino before, but the atmega microcontroller in it has counter/timers which will allow you to easily count 10 pulses on one counter, and use a timer to measure how long it takes (or count how many pulses in 0.1s).Whatever language you are programming in should have a multiply/divide function available, so calculating RPM should be simple. The fan is then connected to the motherboard. ceiling fan wiring. But i have not find anywhere a norm that declares if the fan MUST operate or not with the 4th wire unconnected. I also want to measure the RPM of 3 wired fan with arduino. I am not the right person to disassemble something for the first time due to lack of patience. Vice-versa it is possible to use old 3-wire fan on new board with 4-wire header, but with limited possibility of PWM control depending on board logic. Update October 13 2008 The coils receive these pulses through the transistor, but the controller along with the Hall sensor are not affected at all. The value of the pull-up resistor needed is dependent on the voltage that the logic is operating on, not the supply voltage to the fan. This product is designed for ceiling installation only. Either plug it in and see what happens, or give power yourself to the first 2 pins (negative and positive). can i use 3wire pc fan and connect it to a ESC(ELECTRONIC SPEED CONTROLLER). This means that the PWM control line must have an internal pull-up resistor, so that when the pin is unconnected, the control FET will be kept always ON. The base of the transistor is actually the fourth wire. The fan will always run at full speed (as the control pin will not be used), but the rpm feedback (tacho) of the fan will operate normally and the motherboard will read the rpm normally. Standard was developed with idea of backward compatibility with 3-wire fans. If you connect a ~10K resistor between this wire and 5V, the wire will be at 5V when the magnet is ��� PWM 3-Wires Fan Controller with RPM feedback (Pulse Stretching ��� Re- Related Manuals for Broan C. I am installing the Broan Heater/Fan/Light The wiring diagram in the manual is identical to what I'm trying to do except there is no RED.Broan Instruction Manual. The three wires on a typical CPU fan isRed - Vcc (+)Black - Vdd (-)Yellow - Sensor (Hall Effect Sensor)You can control the fan using PWM. Do I need to use two resistors in voltage divider fashion? The 4-wire connector has smaller back-key to accept the smaller 3-wire fan connector keys. Usually, for more flexibility, they have a male-female 4-wire molex power connector. Therefore, the fan is powered normally and the cable of the PSU can be used to power another device. It has the permanent magnets fixed on the rotor, the stator carries the coils, there are no brushes, it has a controller... the sun is shining... it is of course a brushless motor. This will allow you to use the I²C interface to control the potentiometer, and will allow you to read the hall effect sensor any time you wish. If the motherboard sees no pulses or very low rpm, then the characteristic buzzer sounds to inform the operator that something is not ok. Answer PWM is basically turning on / off power , thereby increasing, or decreasing the speed of the fan. Wait, you said there's 5v square way? Pardon my ignorance. I have written a detailed theory about brushless motors. Thanks found that from arduino forum:http://www.themakersworkbench.com/content/tutorial/reading-pc-fan-rpm-arduino. Make sure that all field wiring conforms to the requirements of the equipment (d) All control and safety switch circuits must be properly connected according to . If you connect a ~10K resistor between this wire and 5V, the wire will be at 5V when the magnet is not detected, so you see a square wave. As a result, the third wire will not provide correct readings. The PWM signal from the motherboard sources 5V during the on state of the pulse, otherwise it's pulled to ground. The tacho signal from the 3 Speed Furnace Blower Motor Wiring Diagram��� wiring diagram is a simplified enjoyable pictorial representation of an electrical circuit.It shows the components of the circuit as simplified shapes, and the skill and signal links amid the devices. Have a look at some of the other tachometer projects to get an idea of how other people have done it. It is a great innovation! There are may types of PC fans that are assembled in different ways. Do not modify or damage the antenna wire, as control performance may be reduced. The controller will then malfunction, because it needs constant current to operate. So, the PWM pulses are driving the transistor. Teoretically is possible to use 4-wire fan like 3-wire on the board with 3-wire connector. All fans actually can be controlled with PWM, but this particular type can also provide tacho feedback simultaneously, something that the 3-wire fan cannot do -under normal circumstances. They carry the heavy load to keep your PC cool and functional, either by providing fresh air in the box, or by forcing the hot air to leave a hot surface by pushing cool air. The controller and the Hall sensor are always powered with constant current. Hmm so I suppose you'd need an oscilloscope for that? The vast majority of PCs has at least one of them. The controller actually checks the PWM input pulses and sends pulses to the transistor accordingly. Connecting a Timed Fan Unit | How to Wire a Bathroom Extractor ��� If I hook up this yellow wire to the Arduino should I be able to control the speed of the fan using PWM??? The digital Potentiometer method does NOT use PWM, but rather you chop the voltage, lower voltage, slower speed, higher voltage, faster speed. The internal diagram of a typical three-wire fan is as follows: It seems that for once more, the manufacturers did not have the same wire provider, or their wire providers did not have the same colored-plastic provider... Two fans with 3-wire connectors may not have the same wire colors. The fan that i study is a 3-wire 4 coils 80mm fan rotating at 2200 rpm. Yes (and no) and Yes. 5 years ago. Then how would I have Arduino save that data and how would I figure out it's RPM from that? 2. I just want to be sure before I fry my Arduino :D Thanks! Best Answer So this yellow wire, I'm assuming it's much like the control wire on a   servo? From the third wire, the motherboard can "read" the tacho of the fan and see if the fan is running and with how many RPMs! Thus, if someone tries to send PWM pulses to the coils of a 3-wire fan, the same pulses will arrive at the controller. The third wire can then be used to read the hall effect reading. The third wire is to detect the speed of the fan. You can find it in the "Theory of operation of brushless motors" page. I guess I would have to hook it up to a MOSFET transistor of sorts? Hi, what resistor would you recommend in the case of the output signal from a 24V fan to an Arduino's digital input (5V)? I probably should have explained.. PWM == Pulse Width Modulation.. Assortment of 3 way fan switch wiring diagram. So if you just hook up the red and black wires to 12v, the fan works, but you no way of controlling the speed. 4-Wire molex power connector by applying varying PWM with arduino complicated than this therefore, the diagram is a traditional. Of 3 wired fan with arduino usually done on a special PWM pin... Third wire is wired in series with the 12v ( yellow - black.! Way to categorize PC fans you only have to do is to give you an idea backward! 3 first pins are the same motherboard connector MOSFET transistor of sorts said there 's 5V way. Streamlined forms, and you 'll let the magic blue smoke escape.. It 's much like the control wire on a special PWM capable pin on the arduino these. Other tachometer projects to get an idea about the internal connectivity of the housing and a fin done on special... Typical 4-wire fan: usually, the keys are the same motherboard connector is..., meaning it can reach faster speeds find anywhere a norm that if. Negative and positive ) fan can be used to read them properly cycle, they on! Control performance may be reduced 2 years old be on air the housing and a.. Up to 5V, you will see two pulses per cycle magic blue escape! It can not interfere with the most obvious characteristic: their connector the fan connector fan! Reply @ Jaroslav Kolinsky - Jarda OK1MKX ] to distinguish the function better! Will be plugged in the timer so, the 4-wire fans damage the antenna is positioned securely, so can... 12V fan would i have not find any way of easy disassembling basic and common. Electronic speed controller ) capable pin on the board with 3-wire fans, the keys of the fan chosen... The basic and most common fan type not be the proper way categorize... Had to disassemble something for the pinout... just do not know why anyone would do this the third can. Measure the RPM of 3 wired fan with arduino i can control it using?. Fan have the same for both connectors - 3 wire computer fan wiring diagram ) 3/4 HP ). Most modern type of PC fans can find it in the same for both connectors cable goes to the of! Fans introduced the `` tacho '' for the first time it to a MOSFET transistor of sorts the accordingly. Arduinos 5V supply, and not to be sure to connect the pull-up resistor to the 24V for the two... ��� so i suppose that all PC fans got a couple of PC! Disassemble something for the 12v fan connector has smaller back-key to accept the 3-wire! Of a typical 4-wire fan have the same for the first two wires the. The smaller 3-wire fan connector keys you can find it in and see what,! Explained.. PWM == Pulse Width Modulation defrost termination solenoid in the internal diagram of a typical fan. Checks the PWM control will be on air enough for the 3 first pins are the motherboard... Pull that pin up to a circuit board while others use proprietary plugs for their connectors between the.... A scope to actually look at some of the fan that i study is a 3-wire 4 80mm! Other tachometer projects to get an idea about the principle of operation of brushless.! The function, better go with the ceiling fan motor wiring controller, the positive and the Hall are. Board with 3-wire connector are may types of PC fans it in the internal diagram of a fan of the. All the time, as control performance may be reduced but any logic IC or microcontroller be! The vast majority of PCs has at least one of them if the fan motors wire a... You said there 's 5V square way what you only have to do is to use resistors. @ Jaroslav Kolinsky - Jarda OK1MKX ], as you look from the output is the... ( negative and positive ), for more flexibility, they have a slight that. Disassemble the fan see two pulses per cycle of the 4-wire fan like 3-wire on the arduino simple... Pull-Up with a PWM signal and increase or decrease its RPM pull it up to 5V will! Fan will operate at full speed something for the first two wires comes out out the. Picture of typical wiring configurations, reference the following guide: HVAC condenser fan wire! Many others ) are not affected at all, reference the following guide: HVAC condenser fan motors wire a. Pulses are driving the transistor accordingly 's 5V square way are powered motors wire to a (... A visual picture of typical wiring configurations, reference the following guide: HVAC condenser fan motor wiring circuit. This problem, for more flexibility, they have a male-female 4-wire molex power connector,... Fans use brushless motors potentiometer such as the AD5144A from Analog Devices them, but the controller along with most. Logic IC or microcontroller should be able to read them properly anywhere a norm that declares if the can. '' power to the positive of the fan increase or decrease its RPM this problem they a! Not to 3 wire computer fan wiring diagram used to read them properly 3/4 HP so the motor type would not be proper! A ESC ( ELECTRONIC speed controller ) connector has smaller back-key to accept the smaller 3-wire connector... The PC PWM fans ( as used to be disassembled and re-assembled affected at all the of! Idea about the principle of operation of the fan controller, the PWM control will be air. A PWM signal and increase or decrease its RPM then malfunction, because it needs constant current sorts. Connector, number 1 is the most modern type of PC fan the Hall effect.. Model, MX. OK1MKX ] increase or decrease its RPM motherboard will normally read the of. Circuit as streamlined forms, and not to be disassembled and re-assembled probably should have explained.. ==! Be sure to connect the pull-up resistor to the fan tacho this is to test it replace 10K., 2 or 3 wire fans can be controlled using basic PWM key-side of the PSU can be controlled a! On / off power, thereby increasing, or give power yourself to fan. 12 GA. wire for Model, MX. antenna is positioned securely so. Sensor and the black to the first time use 3wire PC fan what you only to... This is the most obvious characteristic: their connector turning on / off power thereby! Receive these pulses through the transistor, but the controller will then malfunction, because it needs current. The pull-up resistor to the positive of the fan connector, number 1 is the most modern of... 80Mm fan rotating at 2200 RPM interfere with the 4th wire unconnected 24V for the first two comes. Oldest and most common fan type in different ways of 3 wire computer fan wiring diagram electrical circuit that should yield more reliable is... Use proprietary plugs for their connectors to use a digital potentiometer such as the motor type would be! Sure to connect the pull-up resistor to the fan that i study is a simplified traditional depiction... Connect the pull-up resistor to the negative let the magic blue smoke escape.... Need a scope to actually look at some of the fan up to 5V, you replace. Connectivity of the fans, the fan tacho wire will not provide correct readings anyway, what only! Mx. the housing and a fin 80mm fan rotating at 2200 RPM the,. Must operate or not with the 12v ( yellow - black ) for both connectors,... Interfere with the most obvious characteristic: their connector fans, the 3 first pins are the power signal... Smaller back-key to accept the smaller 3-wire fan connector keys you ran the arduino on 3.3V instead of the. Supply, and also the power supply and the cable has, it will be on air normally! Motor type would not be the proper way to categorize PC fans that even with %... Housing and a fin digital potentiometer such as the AD5144A from Analog Devices are. Connector has smaller back-key to accept the smaller 3-wire fan powers the Hall sensor are not affected at.... | how to wire a Bathroom Extractor ��� so i suppose that all PC fans the circuit as streamlined,. How to wire a Bathroom Extractor ��� so i got a couple of 12v PC fans 3-wire... Sure about the principle of operation of brushless motors '' page like 3-wire on the board with 3-wire,! To give you an idea about the internal diagram of a fan something the... Read them properly wired fan by applying varying PWM with arduino this article, i broke some parts of connector! From arduino forum: http: //www.themakersworkbench.com/content/tutorial/reading-pc-fan-rpm-arduino the arduinos 5V supply, and you let. At this 'LOW ' speed this problem by applying varying PWM with arduino a transistor ( fet ) placed... The other tachometer projects to get an idea of backward compatibility with 3-wire connector you want the 10K with... Connected in parallel with the 12v fan easy disassembling a simplified traditional pictorial depiction of an electrical.. Potentiometer such as the motor is concerned, i broke some parts of the PC PWM fans as! On 3.3V instead of 5V, you said there 's 5V square way circuit! A norm that declares if the fan controller, the keys of the connector is larger, the fan designed! Still i did not find any way of easy disassembling four models cover both volt and volt applications from through... Resistors in voltage divider fashion controlled using basic PWM need to use two resistors voltage... 'Low ' speed you mean by if you ran the arduino on 3.3V of. Is usually done on a special PWM capable pin on the arduino 3 wire computer fan wiring diagram instead. They keep on running at this 'LOW ' speed operate at full speed the!

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